Amazon carbon-free energy economic impact: $11 billion GDP and 22,000 jobs

Key takeaways

Amazon’s carbon-free energy projects contributed nearly $11 billion to U.S. GDP from 2023 through 2025.
These investments supported nearly 22,000 jobs annually across the country.
Amazon covers all costs associated with powering its data centers, so communities benefit from these investments without bearing expenses.

Amazon's carbon-free energy projects don't just keep the lights on for our operations—they put people to work, support tax revenue generation into local communities, and drive economic growth.

A new independent study by Oxford Economics puts a number on it: Amazon's carbon-free energy investments contributed nearly $11 billion to United States gross domestic product (GDP) and supported nearly 22,000 jobs annually from 2023 through 2025. That’s across our full portfolio of carbon-free energy projects—including solar farms, wind farms, nuclear energy, and battery storage systems.

What happens when Amazon invests in carbon-free energy?

Amazon's carbon-free energy portfolio spans more than 700 projects across 28 countries, totaling more than 40 gigawatts (GW) of capacity—enough to power more than 12.1 million U.S. homes.

Every project creates jobs in layers. Construction crews, welders, and electricians build the project, while local vendors, suppliers, and logistics companies support the building. Those paychecks get spent at nearby restaurants, shops, and service businesses. After construction wraps, plant managers, maintenance teams, and technical specialists keep things running for decades. Oxford Economics found these projects enabled billions in estimated tax revenue from 2023 through 2025—money that increases public funds to support schools, roads, first responders, and public services in the communities where they operate.

“Investment in America’s energy infrastructure has benefits that extend well beyond the electricity it generates,” said Pete Collings, managing director of economic footprint and sustainability at Oxford Economics. “Amazon's purchases of carbon-free power support jobs and economic activity across the country, stimulate tax revenues that can pay for public services, and contribute to a more secure and resilient energy system.”

These projects last anywhere from 25 to 60 years depending on the technology. Oxford Economics estimates that through 2034 alone, the total contribution will top $61 billion in GDP while supporting roughly 23,500 jobs annually.

How do these projects benefit local communities?

Mississippi

In Tunica County, Mississippi, Amazon's Delta Wind project is the first utility-scale wind farm in the state. Developed by AES and operational since April 2024, the 184.5-megawatt project generates enough carbon-free energy to power the equivalent of nearly 80,000 Mississippi homes a year. Landowners continue to farm the acreage around the turbines, preserving the county's agricultural heritage alongside its new energy infrastructure.

“These are powerful examples of how we're not only providing the carbon-free energy that companies like Amazon need to grow, but helping states like Mississippi attract critical investment, create new sources of revenue for landowners and local communities, and support sustainable economic growth for decades to come,” said Amanda Smith, vice president of external affairs, U.S. renewables and power, at AES.

Statewide, Amazon's carbon-free energy projects contributed $212 million to Mississippi's GDP from 2023 through 2025, supporting approximately 280 jobs annually and enabling more than $22 million in tax revenue.

The benefits extend to everyday ratepayers as well. Entergy Mississippi reports that revenue from large customers like data centers is beginning to deliver direct benefits, helping keep electricity rates flat through the peak summer months. Through its Fair Share Plus Pledge, the utility projects more than $2 billion in savings for Mississippi customers over the next two decades and has credited large-customer revenue with supporting reliability improvements across its system.

Virginia

Amazon's carbon-free energy projects in Virginia contributed more than $331 million to the state's GDP from 2023 through 2025, supporting more than 150 jobs annually and enabling over $15 million in tax revenue.

The benefits also reach communities in more direct ways. In Louisa County, Amazon awarded a $135,000 grant to fully fund a solar project for the Louisa County Resource Council (LCRC), the county's primary source of free food for nearly 4,000 residents each month. The new solar system is expected to cut roughly $1,000 from LCRC's monthly utility bill, savings it estimates could put nearly 48,000 meals on its clients' tables each year.

Indiana

In Indiana, Amazon has worked alongside local leaders who see firsthand how our carbon-free energy projects translate into jobs, new sources of tax revenue, and long-term economic development for their communities.

“What's exciting for our region is the ripple effect. While we see Amazon’s investment in data centers, we also understand what their investment across the state has enabled in carbon-free energy (CFE),” said Jeff Rea, president and CEO of South Bend Regional Chamber. “We're proud to have a company investing in the South Bend Region which pushes beyond its project boundaries to support Hoosiers across the state.”

Statewide, investments made by developers for Amazon's carbon-free energy projects contributed $160 million to Indiana's GDP from 2023 through 2025, supporting approximately 116 jobs annually and enabling more than $11 million in tax revenue.

Texas

Amazon's carbon-free energy portfolio in Texas is the largest of any state, with more than 10 gigawatts of capacity across solar, wind, and nuclear projects—enough to power approximately 8 million U.S. homes. From 2023 through 2025, Amazon’s carbon-free energy projects contributed over $1 billion to the state's GDP, supported over 1,300 jobs annually, and enabled over $143 million in tax revenue across the state.

“Corporate commitments to carbon-free energy are strengthening Texas's reputation as a great place to do business,” said Bryn Baker of the Texas Energy Buyers Alliance. “Amazon alone has 10 gigawatts of carbon emissions-free energy capacity in the state, spanning solar, wind, and nuclear. Large energy customers want to grow their operations in the Lone Star State, and they are ready and willing to invest in the low-cost, reliable, carbon-free energy resources that can support that growth.”

What's the future for Amazon's carbon-free energy portfolio?

Amazon builds the energy it needs in ways that also benefit surrounding communities—with sources that will last for decades. As we work toward our Climate Pledge goal of net-zero carbon by 2040, every carbon-free energy project we bring online gets us closer and leaves the local economy stronger in the process.

Learn more about all of Amazon's sustainability initiatives.

Learn more about our model methodology.

*Tax revenue is enabled through the economic activity of the energy developers building these projects.